Conspiracy & Prophecy of Jacob

Abraham married Lady Sarah and left Babylon towards Canaan land, and settled in a place called Shechem (Biblical name) which is now known as Nablus in Palestine.

The Bible defined the Land of Canaan as “the Promised Land”, and named it “Land of Israel”.

Later, following the Exodus from Egypt, Joshua assembled the Israelites in Shechem and encouraged them to reaffirm their adherence to the Torah.

According to Book of Genesis, God promised this Land to Abraham’s descendants.
This is may be why all three religions claim the Land.

Abraham's nephew Lot traveled with him and settled in kingdom of Sodom.

Lady Sarah was barren and offered her Egyptian maid Hagar to bring him a son.
Hagar got pregnant with Ismail.
Sarah was upset and asked Abraham to abandon Hagar and her son in the desert.

Later Sarah was pregnant with Isaac.

Arab tribes raised Ismail as one of them and shared with Hagar the water she discovered in the desert.

Abraham and Ismail built Kaaba, which later was considered by Muslims, as the first foundation of House of God.

Muslims believe Abraham is the first Muslim, and Ismail is the “Sacrificed Son”.
Jews and Christians consider Abraham is their father, and Isaac is the “Sacrificed Son”.

Isaac had twin boys; Esau and Jacob.

Jacob and his mother deceived his father Isaac and had him transfer the prophecy to Jacob.
Jacob, afraid of his brother ran from his father’s house, and at a certain place or spot, the Book of Genesis considered him renamed as Israel and became the father of the Israelites.
Later this place would be known as Jerusalem.

Because Hagar was the maid of Sarah, some Jews and Christians claim they are superiors to Muslims!
Jacob had some children from maids as well.

Jacob fled Back to Haran, his grandfather Abraham birth place.
He worked for his uncle (brother of his mother), and married his two daughters, and a 2 maid of each one of his wives.
Jacob deceived his uncle with his flocks and herds. He stole some expensive households and fled back to Shechem in the Land of Canaan.

To be continued ....
Sami Cherkaoui

The Land of Feuds

We previously established that the land of Shem was penetrated by Canaan, his off-springs and off-roots. They settled on the coast of Anatolia (South Turkey), Syria, Lebanon and Palestine.

We also know that from Aprachid (son of Shem), came Eber who is the main seed of Hebrews.

From Eber came Joktan who is the main seed of Arabs.

The other son of Eber whose name is Peleg (brother of Joktan), settled in Babel, and the Book of Genesis marked that in his days "the Earth was divided", which was politically translated to the start of a “feud” between the two brothers (Peleg and Joktan). As a result Peleg fled Babel to settle in the Arabian Peninsula.

His descendants were Adnan and Maad, from whom Mohammad descended.

Prophet Mohammad goes to his roots and stops at Adnan, saying he does not wish to go further back?

From Peleg's descendants was Abraham, who later will be a dominant figure to the three main religions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

Abraham had a son from Lady Sara called Isaac and a son from Lady Hagar called Ismail.

Ismail was raised by the Arabs

Isaac was raised by Hebrews and from him came Jacob, the father of the Israelites.

The sons of Shem raised the following nations:

Elam: a kingdom which was established in the lands of Arabia (South Iran and south Iraq).

Assyria:  The Akkadian kingdom in upper Tigris (Iraq) and later was split into two kingdoms; Assyria in the North and Babel in the south.

Lydia: A kingdom which governed Anatolia Turkey (Manisa and Izmir) and later the great Hettite Empire rose from its foundations.

Decedents of Aram inherited northern Mesopotamia and Syria, including the lands between Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Asshur mountains, land of Ema, Assur, Babel, Persia, Assyria, Babylonia and Media.

Muslims believe that Prophet Hud who lived in Madian of Ancient Arabia is also descendant of Aram.

From all those historic nations, great and important civilizations were founded to play significant roles that divided the lands to ethnic sects and later to religious groups; Sumerian, Akkadian, Ur, Babylonian, Kassite, Hurrians, Hittites, Median, Persian, Egyptians, Hyksos, Ethiopian, Libyans and others.

The lands of Mesopotamia were divided between Shem, Ham and Canaan.

Jews claim that Canaan does not exist as a nation today.

To be continued ....

Sami Cherkaoui

Rebel of Canaan

Canaan and his descendants were in continuous rebel and constant fight of that curse of Noah and the idea of being a servant to Shem.

His off-springs formed major powers, and repeatedly tried to control the regions of Egypt, Syria and Phoenicia.

The Hittites having their strong base in Anatolia and Northern Syria were in continuous wars with Egypt and tried several times to invade the lands.
Later all those hostilities ended with the famous battle of Kaddish, which was resulted with both; Hittites and Egyptians declaring amazing victory.
However both were extremely exhausted and many important political changes happened in the aftermath of the battle.

The Jebusites were also offspring of Canaan, settled in Philistine and built a city and named Jebus which is now the city of Jerusalem. Later Jebus was conquered by King David.

The Amorites who were described in the Bible as the Giants, probably are the same people of Eram in the Koran.
They were the inhabitants of Parts of Arabia, Jordan and North Syria.
The Bibles tell that they were conquered by Joshua, as the Israelites were ordered to destroy all the inhabitants of Canaan, however the Gibenonites (offshoots of Amorite) tricked them to a treaty that kept their lives but only as slaves.

The Elamites were descendants of Elam son of Shem and inhabited the lands southwest of Iran and Iraq.

They were later conquered by the Sumerian king Enmebargesi, and the Babylonian king Hammurabi, who put the Hammurabi Code, a law that was written before the Mosaic Code, a matter which was subject to disputes between civilizations for many centuries to come, probably till our days.

To be continued
Sami Cherkaoui

Qahtan and the Rise of Arabs

The second son of Eber is Joktan: In Arabic he is called Qahtan.
Ethnographers identified Joktan's sons with people around the Indus river?

Joktan had eight sons: Almodad, Hadoram, Hazarmaveth, Sheleph, Diklah, Abimael, Jerah and Sheba.

According to Book of Genesis, refusal of several sons of Joktan as well as Abraham and Lot, to participate in baking bricks to build the Tower of Babel, Joktan had to smuggle them out of Babel to Shinar which was an unidentified Land in Mesopotamia.

Later the tribe of Jerah or Jurhum son of Joktan raised Ismail son of  Abraham,
Ismael's descendants gathered as an Arab Nation that spread in Mesopotamia between and outside the Two Rivers.
Prophet Mohammad of Islam derived from this Genetic Line.

Ismael had 12 sons:
Nabit - he controlled the land from River Euphrates to Red Sea
Qaidar - he controlled from Persia to Sinai - He is the Father of Adnan who prophet Mohammad said he was from his blood line.

Abdeel or Abdullah- He controlled North West Arabia
Mibsam, Mishma and Dumah - Lived in different locations in Arabia Desert
Massa- he is the father of Nomadic Tribe that inhabited the Northern Part of the Arabian desert towards Babylonia
Haidar, Tema, Jetur, Naphih and Kedmah whose tribes moved throughout the Arab Peninsula.

Adnan had 2 sons: Maad and Akk
Akk moved to settle in Yemen

Maad had 3 sons: Anmaar, Nazar and Eyad.
Nazar had 2 sons Mudhar and Rabi'ah who are considered the fathers of the most famous Arab Tribes that were named after their names.

At this point may be we should try to see how we to inter-relate so far, these genetic lines with Geo-politics.

To be continued
Sami Cherkaoui

After The Flood - The New Generations

After the flood and after Noah's settled on Land with his Sons, and afyer the Sons received his Blessings and Wishes, He decided they spread on Earth and each one of them settle on a separate land.
Japheth moved through Turkey and inhabited the lands of North Iran, Armenia and Russia, then continued to explore all the North of East and West Europe, then down to France, Spain, Italy and the Greek Islands.

The Bible ascribed seven sons of Japheth from whom the following nations raised:
From Gomer: Armenians, Ceimmerians, Scythians, Welsh, Irish, Germans, Huns, Franks and Turks.
From Magog: Slavs, Mongols, Hungarians, Irish, Finns, Pamiris. Pashtuns.
From Madai: Medes, Indo-Iranians, Mitanni, Mannai, Persian, Tajiks, Balochis and Tati.
From Javan: Greeks (Ionians)
From Tubal: Tabal, Tibareni, Georgians, Italics, Iberians, Basques.
From Tiras: Thracians, Goths, Jutes, Teutons.
From Meshech: Phrygians, Illyrians, Caucasian Iberia, Russians.

Ham moved to Africa and parts of the Near East (India)
Egypt was considered in the Bible as the Land of Ham.
Ham became the forefather of the southern peoples (Hamitic Race)
He had four sons from whom the following nations derived:
From Cush: Egypt, Yemen, Eritrea, Arabian Peninsula, Ethiopia, Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Babel, Akkad.
From Mizraim: Egypt, Libya, Crete and Cyprus.
From Phut: Land of Punt
From Canaan: Phoenicia, Anatolia, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria.

The Book of Jubilees hinted that Canaan further refused to join his brothers to settle in Ham's allotment beyond the Nile (Africa) and proceeded to inhabit the eastern shores of Mediterranean "squatting" within the inheritance of Shem in the region that later is promised to Abraham.

Offspring of Canaan were:
The Hittites: People of Hatti a powerful entity of Anatolia
The Jebusites: A tribe lived around Jerusalem
The Amorites: Lived between Jordan, Syria and part of Saudi Arabia.
The Girgasites: Egypt Delta
The Arkites: Lived in Akkar North of Lebanon
The Sinites: Lived in the desert of Sinai Egypt
The Arvadites: Lived in Island of Arwad Syria
The Zemarites: Lived in city of Dummar Syria
The Hamathites: Lived in the city of Hamah Syria

Sam or Shem is known as the forefather of the Middle peoples (Semitic Race)
Jews consider him their father through Arpachshad.
His children were Elam, Asshur, Aram, Lud and Arpachshad from whom Abraham was descended.
Sam and his sons were the ancestors of the following nations:
From Elam: Khuzistan, Iran
From Assur: Iraq
From Arpachshad: Iraq, Turkey, Syria (Sham), Lebanon and possibly south Jordan and north Saudi Arabia.
From Lud: Anatolia
From Aram: Iraq, Syria

It is considered by most scholars and historians that the five sons of Sam were the ancestors of the nations of Elam, Assyria, Syria, Chaldea and Lydia respectively.
Some historians believe that Sam descended the whole of European people.
The Islamic scholar Al Tabari believes that the Greeks are descendants of Sam.

Now Arpachshad who is considered the father of Jews, and had 3 sons:
Cainan: whom for some reasons the Jews cancelled his name from the genealogical list

Shelah or Salah: Who may be also son of Cainan and not Arpachshad, had a son called Eber who is the eponymous ancestor of Hebrews. He was living in Babel, however it is said by the Jewish traditions that he refused to participate in building the Tower of Babel. He had two sons, Peleg and Joktan.

Peleg: Whom in his days and according to the Book of Genesis "The Earth was divided" and this expression was translated as political divisions between the sons of Noah.
From Peleg there were Reu, Serug, Nabor, Terah and Abraham.

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To Be continued .....
Sami Cherkaoui

Mesopotamia Since Creation

Lords & Slaves

Today, there is a solid international behavior attempting to divide the region again into demographic lands, to reshuffle history at present, and prepare this land and its surroundings for a certain future.

It seems there were certain stations in the past that helped in creating the present we are having now, along with all its complications.
The earliest roots of this story would be the Creation of Adam and Eve our first parents.
They mated, had two sons, one of them killed the other, And murder was the first crime that let evil got active on Earth.

Akhnokh (Idris), who was a prophet but also a teacher (Hermes). He had all  knowledge and science which he taught to humans.
Koran tells that God raised Idris to a higher place. May be this means a higher rank with regards to the enormous knowledge he acquired.
Interestingly he was born in Babylon but left to Egypt to start his teachings.
The Pharaohs were excellent students. They captured all sciences, then spread them worldwide.
Their first inventions were arms and weapons.

Noah lived in ancient Mesopotamia, and was known as the person who built the ark to save humans and animals from a devastating flood.
All religious and history books confirm that he at least had three sons Sam, Ham and Japheth.
In the book of Genesis Noah cursed Ham (because he saw him naked) and decided to punish his son Canaanby being always a servant to his brothers and brothers' sons and their decedents.

Noah blessed Sam (Shem) and wished for Japheth to multiply in numbers, and be under the "protective umbrella" of Shem. Canaan always be their servants!
Talmud elaborated more and concluded that either Ham saw his father mating his wife or Ham himself had an intercourse with his father's wife.
In any case now there are already Lords and Slaves

To be continued
Sami Cherkaoui

Mesopotamia between past and present

After the death of Alexander the Great, a series of civil wars tore his empire apart that resulted in the formation of a number of states ruled by his surviving generals and formed the Arsacid Dynasty.
However, wars with Rome and the Nomads, and the fighting among the Parthian nobility had weakened the Arsacids and the empire broke and vanquished by the Persian Sassanids, and Parthia folded into a newly formed province Khorasan.

In the 7th Century AD, the Sassanid Empire was conquered by the Muslim Armies under the famous Arab military leader Khalid Ibn Al Waleed.
Consequently Mesopotamia was reunited under the Arabs, but governed by two provinces: Northern Mosul and Southern Baghdad. Later under the Abbasid Dynasty,

Baghdad became the capital of the Arab Empire until the sack of Baghdad 1258 by the Mongolian leader Hulagu Khan who left Baghdad with 1 million person dead, and the city was totally burnt including the House of Wisdom and all its libraries.
He used the invaluable books to make a passage across the Tigris River.

This year marked the end of the Islamic Golden Age.

Later the Ottoman Turks took over Baghdad and Mesopotamia was ruled as three separate territories: Mosul, Baghdad and Basra which is a territory included Kuwait.

At the end of WWI, Mesopotamia was occupied by the British Army who under the authority of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia, set up the government of Syria and Iraq under one Hashemite ruler.

After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, in 1920, the nation-state of Iraq was formed with its present days borders. Kuwait was a British protectorate, granted its independence from Britain in 1961.
Today we see further attempts to divide the region again into demographic lands. to reshuffle history at present, and prepare it for a certain future.

This ends a brief outlook of Mesopotamia and will try to dig more in the past of this region to see why it reached this mess and confusion in the present days

Sami Cherkaoui

Mesopotamia Under Alexander The Great

Past, Present and Future of the Cradle of Civilization

Under the Persian Achemenid Empire, Cyrus the Great became the pre-eminent power of the world. However lately conquered and fell to Alexander the Great of Macedonia. He invaded Persia and managed to overthrew King Darius III and conquered the entirety of the Persian Empire.

He then proceeded to take Syria and most of the Levant coast. He captured Tyre after a long siege. Then he moved to Egypt and many towns were quickly capitulated on his route except Gaza which fell after a long siege similar to the one of Tyre.

In Egypt he considered himself a liberator and was pronounced as the "Master of the Universe", and founded the city of Alexandria which was named after him.

He then marched back into Northern Iraq and defeated Darius once more at the Battle of Gaugamela and captured Babylon. Darius fled to Media then Parthia and Alexander set off in pursuit and just got Darius after his kinsman Bessus stabbed him.

A strange incident then happened there.
Alexander claimed that while Darius was dying he named Alexander as his successor to the Achaemenid Throne, and he considered himself the legitimate successor to Darius.
He declared war against Bessus to avenge Darius death, and followed him to Afghanistan, and Tajikistan.

Alexander the Great had a complete change in attitude and was rapidly transforming into an "Asian Manner" person. He changed a lot of his habits and traditions to new ones from the Asian roots.
He married a Persian woman. He appointed Persian rulers.
The Persians and Indians started to see him as a new prophet rather than an invader.
He was proclaimed as King of Asia. But he preferred to take the Persian title "King of Kings".

This made his military generals conspire against him. They refused to follow his orders and invade further the Indian sub-continent. Then he died mysteriously in Babylon.

To be continued
Sami Cherkaoui

Past, Present and Future of the Cradle of Civilization

INTRODUCTION

Mesopotamia - The Land Between The Two Rivers
The Cradle of Civilization is in the region of Mesopotamia that is the area between the two rivers Euphrates and Tigris, and includes Iraq, Northern Jordan, parts of eastern Syria, (Lebanon), Kuwait, southeastern Turkey and western Iran.
These countries are well known as the countries between the two rivers.

They are also the countries in which the first societies known had emerged and developed, and from where the basic three religions were sourced.
Later it developed to include the Near and Middle East lands, which included the Nile Valley in Egypt, the Indus Valley in India and the Yellow River Valley in China.
Great Dynasties established, ruled and either vanished or developed into further civilizations; Samarra, Halaf, Ubaid, Uruk, Akkadia, Ur, Assyria, Babylonia, Hittite, Achamenida, Parsia and many others.

The earliest language was the Sumerian, then the Semetic then the Akkadian then the Aramaic.

Mesopotamians were first to develop industrial tools and materials to improve their social lives, facilitate their trading methods and strengthen their military force.
They invented metal tools, glass making tools, textile making machines, weaving tools.
They built dams, water storage tanks and irrigation systems.
They used copper, bronze iron and gold to make their military armors.
They invented the sexagesimal numeral system, which is the source of 60 minutes/hour and 24 hours/day, 7days/week, 30 days/months, 12 months/year calendar, created the 360 degree circle and mastered in map making.

Mesopotamian people worshiped many Gods through their history, and told legendary tales about those Gods in a mythical way, the echoes of which are still banging till now.

Because of the different religions and powers, Mesopotamia became a battle field where different civilizations and their relevant empires clash, to conquer.

To Be Continued .......

Sami Cherkaoui